Window and ventilator



Sept 11, 1923. I mfimw E.VV COTTER ET AL WINDOW AND VENTILATOR -FiledNov. 26. 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept. 11, 123. E. W. COTTER ET AL WINDOW'AND VENTILATOR Filed Nov. 26. 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 E.W. CUTTER ET AL WINDOW AND VENTILATOR Filed' Nov.

Patented Sept. 11, 1923.

i stirs ii ifi ERNEST WILLIAM comma, or SYIJENHAIVI, oNDoN, AND nnnsrTRoUeIHToN, or BROCKLEY, LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNORS TO J. STONE &COMPANY LIMITED, or

DEPIFORD, ENGLAND.

WINDOW AND VENTILATOR.

Application filed November 26, 1920. Serial No. 426,555.

T 7 71 720??? it may concern:

Be it known that we, Ennns'r lViLLuivr (Terran, a subject of the King ofGreat Britain, residing at Kingsthorpe Road, Sydenham. London, S. E. 26,England. and FnNnsr TnoUonroN, a subject of the King of Great Britain,residing at 100 Adelaide Road, Broclrley, London, S. 4, England, haveinvented certain new and useful Im provements in and Connected with.Vindows and Ventihtors, of which the following is a specification.

T his invention comprises improvements in and connected with windows andventilators and. has for its principal object to pre-- vide a simple ande'lfie'ient opening and closing mechanism which is applicable foroperating ventilator sashes or devices and.

wh ch can be conveniently operated.

Also. the object of the invention is to adapt the said opening andclosing mechanism tor appli ation to that type of window in which upperand lower sashes are provided at the sides with toothed racks on gagg ormeshing with pinions, so that one sash balances the other. In thisadaptation, the mechanism may he used for-moving one sash a little togive a ventilation opening without causing: movement of the other sash,in addition to serving for balanc' one sash a gainst the other andproducing simultaneous and opposite motion or such sashes in the mannerknown in self-balancing windows.

it further object of the invent on is to mprove the construction 01.windows of the seliihalancing type and other subsidiary objects are toprovide for the tightening" and tastcniug of the sashes in a simple andettective manner, and also to enable one sash, n emergency, to be fullyopened without disturbing the other sash. I

erding' to this invention the opening and closing mechanism comprisesopposed racks and intermediate pinions' meshing with the racks thepinions being mounted so to have, under the influence of operatinglevers. a limited rolling): .motion along one of the racks in additionto revolving motion. thereby increasing the movement of the ventilatoror sash as compared with the amount oi movement which would be producedit the pinions revolved. on a fixed other sash. for the purpose ofobtaining a ventilating opening, but it also permits of the two sashesbeing opened or closed simultaneously after the manner of sashes inself-balancing windows. In the case of self-balancing: sashes beingused, the two sashes may be separated by an interposed guide frame andthe members of the latter may be inserted or seated in a groove formedaround the interior of the window frame- In the case of a metal window,the interposed tr'ame may be of T-section metal and may be secured byfastening the head of the T Tg'illilSi] the interior of the windowframe, or it may be integral with the window l'raine.

- In order to enable this invention to be readily understood, referenceis made to the accompanying drawing in which:

Figure 1 is an elevation of a window fitted with these improvements andas seen from the interior of a room or. compartment.

Figure 2 is a central vertical section of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a horizontal section of Figure 2 at the part where thepinion is mounted.

Figure 4.- is a verticalisection and similar to the top part of Figure2, but showing a modification suitable for use in the construction of'metal windows.

Figure 53 is a section similar to Figure 3 but of a metal window such asis seen in Figure 4..

Figure 6 is a view similar to the middle part of Figure 2, but showingthe operating parts in the position for producing a ventilation openingof the window.

Figure 7 is a sectional side elevation of a. modified mechanism andFigure 8 is a section of Figure 7, the plane of the section beingparallel with the plane of the window.

Figures Sand 10 correspond with. Figures 7 and 8 respectively butillustrate another modification.

Figures 11 and 12 also correspond with Figures 7 and 8 respectively andillustrate yet another modification.

Figures 13 and 141 are side and front elevations respectively of a levermechanism such as is seen in Figures 2 and 6.

Figure 15 1s a side elevation and Figure 16 1s a front elevation, with apart broken away, illustrating a modification for enabling one sash tobe fully opened without disturbing the other as'above referred to.

Figure 17 is a sectional side elevation illustrating the application ofa differential pinion for meshing with the racks of selfbalancingsashes, and I Figure 18 is a horizontal section of Figure 17.

The opening and closing mechanism embodying these improvements willfirst be described in connection with a window of the so-calledself-balancing sashtype, but,

as will appear, by assuming that the lower sash isa fixture, thefunctioning of the 1111- proved opening and closing mechanism will beclear, apart from its adaption for use the former with a rack (Z and thelatter with a rack 6. These racks are spaced apart so that they maymutually mesh with an intermediate pinion f and in this manner theweight of the top sash is balanced by the lower sash in known manner.Now it is advantageous, particularly on board shipfto be able to openthe top sash to. a small extent to give a ventilating opening, and inorder that this may be accomplished without also opening the bottomsash, the improved opening and closing mechanismis introduced, as willnow be described) "In one arrangement, and as will be seen fromFigures'Q, 3, 6, 13 and 14;, the pinions f, at each side of the windoware mounted on stub axles 0 formed or fitted on the short arms p oftwo-armed levers formed with lateral pivotal projections g. The longarms 1 of these levers pass through slot openings .9, Figure 1, at thesides of the frame and into the. compartment, room, declrhouseor cabinor other interior, the pivotal projections taking into short horizontal.guides provided at the sides of the window. In wood frame windows, slotsmay be formed in the side members of the frame and guide sockets if, seeparticular y Figure is, may be inserted into and secured in the slots.The long arms r of the levers may be at an angle ofabout 150 with theshort arms 7)- so that when the short arms p stand vertically as inFigures 2 and 13, the long arms 1" extend downwardly and outwardlythrough the slot openings 3 to the" interior of the room or the like.When the short arm 7) is vertical, the pinion f is supported at itshighest elevation and both sashes'are closed. If a ventilation openingonly is required, a person takes hold of the handles a at the ends ofthe long arms r of the levers and lifts the latter thereby turning the.

levers abouttheir pivots q. As the pinions 7' lie between theappropriate racks d and e it is only possible for these pinions to movedownwardly as the short arms 79 are turned downwardly by the lifting ofthe long arms, that is to say, it is not possible for the stub axles 0at the ends ofthe short arms to described a curve as the short arms areturned. Consequently, as the short arms 72 turn from the verticalposition to a horizontal position, the pivots Q move along thehorizontal guides t until theopposite ends of such guides are reached,and as the downward movement of: the short arms 2) is continued untilthe long arms are arrested by coming against the window frame as seen inFigure 6, thesaid short arms p turn slightly downwardly and the pivots 9move along the guides for a short distance towards their initialposition, all as will be readily understoodfrom a comparison of Figures2 and 6 which show the parts in the two extreme positions. As thepinions are lowered, the raclrs (Z of the upper sashes a, and thesesashes also, are lowered to the same extent as the pinions fplus anadditional amountdue to the pinions f rolling upon the racks e of thelower sashes 7) which do not move but remain in the closed position. Inthis manner, the upper sash is loweredto give a ventilating openingwithoutdisturbing the lower sash. If the lower sash Z) be fixedlysecured so that' it is impossible for it 'to be opened, then themechanism above described simply operates as an opening and closingmechanism for adjusting the sash a: to give a desired ven-' tilationopening, but if the sash Z) is free to be opened, .then furtherdepression of the upper sash a will now produce a corresponding raisingof the lower sash b owing to the rack and pinion transmission and,conversely, the raising of the lower sash Z) will produce a lowering ofthe upper sash a, owing to the meshing of the racks d and c with thepinions f in the 'welll nown manner. The sash 7) may be fitted withfinger grips '0). Figures 1 and 2 for facilitating the raising thereof.or any other convenient means may be fitted to either of the sashes forfacilitating their manipulation. If desired, of course, the simultaneousopening window frame 0. As seen in Figure 2, the members of this guideframe 9 are composed of flat strips which are secured by one edge in a.groove it in the interior surfaces of the window frame 0. Thisarrangement is suitable for windows made of wood. For metal windows, theguide frame 9 may be composed of the webs or flanges of T-section barsj, as seenv in F igure and the heads of the T-bars may be bolted orconnected to the interior surfaces of the window frame 0. In order toretain the sashes a and b in the closed or fully or partly open,position, clamping screws Z may be screwed through suitable nuts we letinto the window frame and so as to press against the frame 9 whichlatter may be fitted with small wear plates a at the points where thescrews Z bear.

In the modifications now about to be described with reference to Figures7 to 12, it will be understood that the mechanisms may be applied foroperating ventilators or ventilator sashes only by fixedly mounting theracks e as aforesaid or they may be applied for operating self-balancingsashes by mounting the racks e on a lower sash and the racks (Z on anupper sash. v

According to the modification illustrated in Figures 7 and 8, a shortlink 20 may be pivoted on a fixed pin 00 supported in a bracket yattached to the window frame, and in the closed position of the sashesthe link to may extend upwardly at an angle, as seen in Figure 7.Thelink w is formed with a slot w to receive the end of the appropriatestub axle 0, it bein understood, of course, that there may be a similarmechanism at each side of the window. The forked or recessed end a of along lever handle 1 embraces the end of the link to and is pivotallyconnected thereto by a hollow pivot pin 2 screwed into the lever andpassing into the slot 10 of the link to which slot is enlarged at oneend for the reception of the said pin 2. Part of the hollow pin 2 isremoved at 3 so that the stub axle 0 can pass into and out of the hollowof the pin 2 which hollow constitutes a continuation of the slot in. Theend of the link w is formed with a fiat 4 indicated in dotted line inFigure 7, and the surface of the recess in the forked end of the lever 1is formed with two flats at an angle to one another, also as indicatedby dotted line at 5 in Figure 7. These flats 4t and 5 form contactingsurfaces, permitting of turning the lever handle 1 through a small anglebefore bringing one or other of the angular surfaces 5 of the lever 1into contact with the flat surface 4 of the link. The hub or forked end.2 of the lever 1 may be formed with a projection 6 adapted for engagingwith recesses 7 and 8, see Figure 7, in the bracket g in which the pivotan of the link to is mounted. In the position.

closed position of the sashes, the link to and lever 1 extend upwardly,as seen in Figure 7, at an angle from the vertical and the lever 1extends through the window frame so as to be accessible to persons inthe room, cabin or other space. In this position, the projection 6 onthe lever 1 rests in the recess 7 of the bracket y and is locked in thisposition thereby, the engagement of the flat surfaces at 4 and 5 causingthe locking of the link to also, so that the pinion is locked in theelevated position. To obtain aventilating opening, the lever 1 is firstraised a little so as to remove the locking projection 6 from engagementwith the recess 7 in the bracket y, and then by keeping the surfaces at4, 5 in engagementby pressing on the lever 1 and at the same timelowering the lever, the link w and pinion. f are lowered, therebylowering the racks of the upper sash and the latter also, as describedwith reference to the first construction. When the lever 1 is releasedafter bringing the upper sash to the partly open and ventilatingposition, the projection 6 on thelever may enter the recess 8 of thebracket and so lock the link in its lower or downwardly inclined In thisposition of the parts, movement imparted toeither of the sashes willproduce corresponding and opposite movement of the other sash throughthe gearing of the racks and pinions, excepting that, if the parts be inthis position with the lower sash closed, and the lever 1 be raised, theupper sash will be closed as will be readily understood.

According to the modification illustrated in Figures 9 and 10, aright-angled lever 9 is formed with a lateral projection 10 at itsangle, this projection 10 taking into a vertical slot 11 formed in, say,a metal plate 12 attached to a side member of the window frame 0. Onearm of this lever 9 extends horizontally through a slot in the windowframe and the other extends vertically upwards and has the pinion frevolubly mounted at its upper end. The vertical slot 11 is formed witha short lateral extension 11 at its upper end and with an extension 11at its lower end for the projection 10 to enter at the end of a raisingor lowering movement as the case may be. In the raised or closedposition of the upper sash, the projection 10 rests in the slotextension 11" at the top of'the slot 11. To produce a ventilatingopening of the upper sash, the horizontal arm of the lever 9 is pushedinwardly a little so that the projection 10 may descend in the verticalslot 11, the lever 9, pinion f and upper sash and rack being lowereduntil the projection 10 comes to the bottom of the slot 11. VVhereuponthe lever 9 is pushed inwardly a little to bring the projection 10 intothe lateral extension 11 at the bottom of the slot. Thereafter, the

&

movement of one sash will be communicated side member of the windowframe 0, the

disc 13 having a central axle or projection' 15 extending through ahorizontal slot 16 formed in a guide fitting 17 on the frame a. The endof the axle or projection 15 extends to the exterior of the window frame0 and may be formed with a square 18 so that it can be turned only bythe application of a key or the like. Theturning of the disc 13 in onedirection or the other produces a raising or lowering of the pinion f inorder to open or close the upper sash'to the extent of the ventilatingopening,

the disc 13 moving along the guide 14: and

the axle 15 moving. along the slot 16 during such-raising or lowering ofthe pinion f as will be readily understood from the draw ing. In theevent of part or" the frame a not standing out clear of the wall so thatthe square end 18is accessible, a recess could be formed in the wall forenabling the box head of a suitable spanner to be inserted and appliedto the square end 18.

Disconnectible means may be provided.

for permitting one sash to be fully opened without opening the othersash. In one suitable arrangement permitting of this, and asillustrated. in Figures 15 and 16 the two racks (Z and c are gearedtogether by a train of three pinions 19, 20 and 21 carried'on a studplate 22, the top pinion 19 meshing with the upper rack d and the bottompinion. 21 meshing with the lower rack e and both pinions being in meshalso with the centre pinion 20. The stud 28 carrying the centre pinion20 passes through the stud plate 22 and is secured to, or is integralwith the operating lever 24 which, for the production of a ventilatingopening, is manipulated. inthe same manner as in the above describedarrangements (30111]?118? ing single transmission pinions, for examplethe arrangement described withreilierence to Figures 2, 3, 6, 18 and14:. In this construction, however, the stud 25 of the top pinion 19forms the pivot for a second lever 26, and the latter has operativeengagement with a vertically slidable plate 27,as, for-example, byengaging a slot 28 in the'lever 26 with a pin or projection 29 on theplate 27. The latter is formed with an aperture 30 of such aconfiguration as to receive the stud plate 22 and to provide inclinededges 31 and 82 for engaging with an inclined edge on the right handsideof 19 as a pivot, excepting'when the slidable plate 27 is movedrelatively to the stud plate In this construction, the manipulation ofthe operating lever 24: forproducing a ventilating opening causes thesimultaneous downward movement of the'three pinions 19, 20 and 21, thestud plate 22, the. second lever 26, and the slidable plate 27, thebottom pinion 21 rolling on the lower rack e and the top pinion not onlylowering the upper rack 03 by reason of its descent, but in addition, byreason of the revolving motion imparted to it by the lower pinion 21.When it is desired to have a full opening of the lower sash, as in anemergency when a person may desire to escape through the window, theventilation lever 2 1 isbrought to its closed position, if it is notalready in that position. The second lever 26 is-then turned about itspivot 25, the connection between the pin 29 and slot 28 cause ing theslidable plate 27 to descend. As. the stud plate 22 does not partake inthis descent, the relative motion. between. the plates 27 and 22causesthe upper inclined edges at 31 to engage and to swing the studplate 22 about the stud 25 of the top pinion 19. In this manner, thebottom pinion 21 is withdrawn out of mesh with the lower rack e and atthe same time the centre pinion 20 is caused to mesh withthe top rack.As both the top pinion 19 and the centre pinion 20 are now in mesh withthey upper rack, the upper sash is locked and held in the closedposition leaving the lower sash free to be lifted to the fullestextent.- W hen the lower sash is closed again, the second lever 26 isreversed to bring the pinions 20 and 21 back to their normal positionfor transmitting motion between the racks d and e. To prevent thesecond. lever 26 from being used, except in case of necessity oremergency, it can be locked to the window frame by a clip device. Aswill be noted from Figure 16 both levers 2a and 26 work in the same slotso that the lever 26' cannot be lowered While the lever 24; is in theraised position giving a ventilating opening of the upper sash. Byreversing the arrangement of the slidable plate 27, I

pinion f 7" may be employed as seen in Figures 17 and 18. In thisexample the pinon is of larger diameter than the pinion f and the formermeshes with the rack e of the lower sash while the latter meshes withthe rack d of the upper sash. By this means the movement of the uppersash will be less than that of the lower sash when simultaneous loweringof the upper sash and raising of the lower sash takes place. This doubleor differential pinion is shown mounted in a similar manner to thepinion f in Figures 2, 6, 13 and 14, but it will be apparent that adouble or differential pinion might be substituted for the singlepinions in Figures 7 to 12. These difi'erential pinions may be used inselfbalancing Windows when one sash is larger or heavier than another,or when for any reason unequal opening movements of the two sashes isdesired. Naturally the larger pinion may mesh with the rack of the uppersash and the smaller pinion f with the rack of the lower sash.

We claim 1. A window or ventilator opening and closing mechanismcomprising a rack fixed on the member to be operated, a rack fixed on anadjacent support, a pinion in mesh with the racks, a carrier revolublysupporting said pinion, and a lever for manually operating said carrierto effect the opening and closing of the window and having a limitedmotion for enabling said pinion to roll on the secondly named rack.

2. A window or ventilator opening and closing mechanism, comprising arack fixed on the sliding member to be operated, a rack fixed on anadjacent support, a pinion in mesh with both racks, an oscillatoryopera;- tive lever fitted with a. revoluble mounting for said pinion andwith a pivot, and guides for said pivot perpendicular to said racks,said lever being adapted to be manually operated to move said pivotalong said guides.

3. A window or ventilator opening and' closing mechanism, comprising arack fixed on the sliding member to be operated, a rack fixed on anadjacent support, a pinion meshing with the said racks, a lever armfitted with a revoluble mounting for said pinion and with a pivot,guides for said pivot perpendicular to said racks, and an oscillatoryhand lever operatively connected with said arm and adapted to turn andmove the latter in said guides.

4. A window or ventilator opening and closing mechanism, comprising arack fixed on the sliding member to be operated, a rack fixed on anadjacent support, a pinion meshing between the racks, a manuallyoperated oscillatory lever carrying and revolubly supporting saidpinion, and guides perpendicular to said racks and adapted to slidablysupport said pinion carrying lever.

5. A window or ventilator opening and closing mechanism comprisingopposed racks. a pinion meshing between said racks, a manually operatedoscillatory member carrying and revolubly supporting said pinion, and asupport for said oscillatory member adapted to permit lateral movementto be imparted thereto.

6. A window or ventilator opening and closing mechanism, comprisingopposed racks, a pinion between and meshing with both racks, a bentlever arm, an axle pin at one end of said arm for revolubly mountingsaid pinion, a pivot projection mounted intermediately on said arm, anda slide-way engaging said projection and mounted on the window framingperpendicularly to said racks.

7. A window or ventilator opening and closing mechanism comprisingopposed racks one of said racks being fixed to a sliding sash and theother being fixed to an adjacent support. a pinion between and meshingwith both racks, a bent lever comprising a long arm and a short arm arevoluble mounting "for said pinion at the free end of the short arm, apivot projection at the junction between said arms, and a slide wayfitted on the window framing perpendicularly to said racks and adaptedto re ceive said pivot projection, said lever being normally supportedso that its long arm is accessible for manual operation.

ERNEST WILLIAM CUTTER. ERNEST TROUGHTON.

